Now I Learn to let you go

At first. when you say you don't love me,

I cry every night and day.

Hoping you'll comeback to me

And you'll say that you will love me.

As I face you everyday at school,

I wonder I am a bull,

That chasing you all along

And imagining that we are together and belong.

Sometimes, id rather risk anything,

Than to lose you in nothing.

Every now and then, I wonder,

Did he will learns to love me or never?

My mind is saying, I should start with new beginning,

But my heart still against the beating.

But now I'm tired of flirting to you,

So now I decided to let you go..

We Once Began a Book

We once began and made a book

The stories are still left untold

But now the books is at its end

Our story I shall let unfold

We filled the pages with laughter

Smiles and sometimes even tears

Often pages had cliff-hangers

When the endings seemed near

Some pages had pictures

Like of the time we first kissed

Look back at those memories now

I see the times I'm going to miss

Some pages I want to tear out

Because they hurt me so

Like the times when we fought

Or one of us would leave and go

But the thing that's important

Is it's filled of memories will last forever

Even though we're now through

I know you want to forget me

Push me away into your past

But please save our memories

Help me take them last

Look back on the pages and smile

Try and remember all the good times

Because I know I'll always remember

Those days when you where mine

The book is filled with many pages

We thought it would never end

But the books is finally finished

It's broken and cannot be mend

But just because we've stopped writing

And the happy tale now seems sad

It doesn't mean you can't read back on the pages

And read the stories of the great times we had.

Installation Process of open source: Ubuntu

Installing Ubuntu

1. When you’re ready to install Ubuntu, double-click the Install icon on your Ubuntu desktop.



2. Select your language from the list in the left column and click Forward.


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3. Choose the city closest to you from the Selected city: list and then click Forward.


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4. Select the type of keyboard layout you’d like to use, and then click Forward.


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5. Make sure Guided – use entire disk and SCSI1 are both selected (they should be by default).


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6. Nothing to import, so click Forward


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7. Enter your Name, the name you wish to use to login, a password and whatever you want to call your “Ubuntu computer” in the spaces provided. Once again, click Forward.


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8. And now finally, click the Install button.


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9. Go get a cup of coffee or your beverage of choice. This can take a while.



10. When the installation is complete, choose Continue using the live CD instead of Restart now (because we’ll want to make a few changes before using Ubuntu again).



11. Power off Ubuntu by clicking the red “Log off” button in the upper-right corner of your Ubuntu desktop.



12. And select Shut Down from the menu.



13. Don’t be too surprised if Ubuntu freezes at some point, and the video seems to ’scramble’. Use the keyboard-combo to ‘release’ your keyboard and mouse focus from Ubuntu (it will be displayed in the very bottom left corner of your Parallels window). Use the red square Stop Virtual Machine button to completely power off Ubuntu.


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14. Back at your Ubuntu configuration window, click the Configuration link.


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15. Select CD/DVD-ROM 1 from the left column. On the right frame of the Configuration Editor, select Use CD/DVD-ROM (instead of Use image file). Click OK.


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Installation Process: Windows 95 / 98

Installing Windows 95 / 98

Note
If you are installing Windows 95, it will be necessary to boot your PC using the supplied floppy disk, then select 'Install Windows from CD-ROM' from the menu that appears.

The procedure for installing Windows 95/98 onto a new PC is as follows:

Switch on the PC and put the Windows 95/98 CD into the CD-ROM. Press the reset button on the PC and allow it to boot.

The PC should boot to the CD-ROM, if not check your motherboard manual to enable 'Boot to CD-ROM' in its BIOS settings.

From the next menu, select Start Windows 98 setup from the CD-ROM

The system will load some basic software to enable it to install

At the blue Windows 95/98 Setup screen, press ENTER to continue.

The system will check the HDD to determine if/how it is configured

Select Configure unallocated space (recommended) and press ENTER

The system will 'Partition' the hard disk such that it can prepare it for storing data

If prompted, select Yes, enable large disk support and press ENTER

This enables the system to use the maximum space possible on the hard disk

At the Setup will restart now screen, press ENTER or wait and the system will automatically reboot

Phase One of the installation is complete and the system needs to reboot to continue...

From the menu, select Start Windows 95/98 setup from the CD-ROM again

The system will 'format' the HDD. This is the process of clearing the hard disk and preparing it to store data. This can take some considerable time depending on the size of the HDD

At the Setup will perform a routine check on your system screen, press ENTER

A diagnostic program called Scandisk will run and check the HDD for any errors/damage. Again, this may take some time depending on HDD size

At the Windows 95/98 Setup screen, click the Continue button at the lower right of the screen using the mouse (or if no mouse is installed, press TAB until the continue is highlighted with dotted lines and press ENTER

Windows 95/98 will install its 'wizard' software to guide you through the installation

At the Select the directory where you want to install Windows 95/98 screen, click or TAB to the C:\WINDOWS line such that a black dot appears to the left hand side (this indicates that this option is selected and is known as a 'Radio button'

This will make the system put all its important files into an area on the hard disk labelled 'Windows'

The Preparing directory screen will appear

The system will now check the HDD for any existing software and make sure that there is enough space on your HDD

At the Setup options screen, click to select Typical, then click the Next button

By selecting 'Typical', you are asking for a default installation of Windows 95/98. This should suit most people and other options can be configured later if required.

Select I want to install the most common components (recommended) and click Next

Again, this indicates that you require a standard installation...

At the Establishing your location screen, select your country/location from the list and click Next. This is a long list that cannot be displayed all at once. Use the scroll bar at the right hand side to see more locations if yours is not immediately visible.

Your location helps Windows to configure itself correctly

Click Next to begin the installation

The system has all the information it needs and will now install and configure the Windows 95/98 software. This may take some time depending on the overall speed of your system

Once completed, remove the Windows 95/98 CD from the CD-ROM and click the Reboot button or wait for the timer

Phase Two of the installation is complete and the system needs to reboot again...

This time, allow the system to boot to the HDD. A Windows 95/98 logo screen should appear as it loads

The CD is removed to force the system to boot to the HDD. If this produces an error, configure the BIOS settings to boot to the HDD first

At the User information screen, type in your name and company name (if appropriate) into the boxes. Place the Windows 95/98 CD back into the CD-ROM. Click Next

The Windows CD is required for further installation tasks and must be ready in the CD-ROM

Read the License Agreement statement and then click I accept the agreement

The software will not allow the install to continue if you do not agree to the statement

Locate your Windows 95/98 Product Key (usually on the back of the CD case) and type it in. Then click Next

Take special care to ensure that the numbers/letters are typed in exactly the same as your Product Key

Click Finish to complete the installation of the software

Windows will now attempt to detect the hardware in your PC and configure itself to use them. It may reboot again as a part of this process...

During the configuration process, the system may ask for the driver disk(s) for some parts of your system. Use the disk(s) that came with your hardware for this.

If you don't have a disk for a particular part, just click Cancel. Individual drivers can be installed at a later date.

Once the configuration process is completed, you will be asked to verify the current time, date and location settings. Check that these are correct then click OK

Again, having the correct time, date and location information is important in the configuration process

Windows will continue its self-configuration, which may take some time, then it will reboot once more

Rebooting is necessary for the system to amend or update its important files which cannot be changed while they are in use

Windows will finish off its hardware configurations, then display the Introduction screen

Windows 95/98 is now completely installed on your PC. Close the intro screen to continue.

Installation Process: Windows XP

Part 1: Begin the installation

1.	Insert the Windows XP CD into your computer and restart your computer.
2.	If prompted to start from the CD, press SPACEBAR. If you miss the prompt (it only appears for a few seconds), restart your computer to try again.
3.	Windows XP Setup begins. During this portion of setup, your mouse will not work, so you must use the keyboard. On the Welcome to Setup page, press ENTER.
4.	On the Windows XP Licensing Agreement page, read the licensing agreement. Press the PAGE DOWN key to scroll to the bottom of the agreement. Then press F8.
5.	This page enables you to select the hard disk drive on which Windows XP will be installed. Once you complete this step, all data on your hard disk drive will be removed and cannot be recovered. It is extremely important that you have a recent backup copy of your files before continuing. When you have a backup copy, press D, and then press L when prompted. This deletes your existing data.
6.	Press ENTER to select Unpartitioned space, which appears by default.
7.	Press ENTER again to select Format the partition using the NTFS file system, which appears by default.
8.	Windows XP erases your hard disk drive using a process called formatting and then copies the setup files. You can leave your computer and return in 20 to 30 minutes. Part 2: Continue the installation
9.	Windows XP restarts and then continues with the installation process. From this point forward, you can use your mouse. Eventually, the Regional and Language Options page appears. Click Next to accept the default settings. If you are multilingual or prefer a language other than English, you can change language settings after setup is complete.
10.	On the Personalize Your Software page, type your name and your organization name. Some programs use this information to automatically fill in your name when required. Then, click Next.
11.	On the Your Product Key page, type your product key as it appears on your Windows XP CD case. The product key is unique for every Windows XP installation. Then, click Next.
12.	On the Computer Name and Administrator Password page, in the Computer name box, type a name that uniquely identifies your computer in your house, such as FAMILYROOM or TOMS. You cannot use spaces or punctuation. If you connect your computer to a network, you will use this computer name to find shared files and printers. Type a strong password that you can remember in the Administrator password box, and then retype it in the Confirm password box. Write the password down and store it in a secure place. Click Next.
13.	On the Date and Time Settings page, set your computer’s clock. Then, click the Time Zone down arrow, and select your time zone. Click Next.
14.	Windows XP will spend about a minute configuring your computer. On the Networking Settings page, click Next.
15.	On the Workgroup or Computer Domain page, click Next. Part 3: Complete the installation
16.	Windows XP will spend 20 or 30 minutes configuring your computer and will automatically restart when finished. When the Display Settings dialog appears, click OK.
17.	When the Monitor Settings dialog box appears, click OK.
18.	The final stage of setup begins. On the Welcome to Microsoft Windows page, click Next.
19.	On the Help protect your PC page, click Help protect my PC by turning on Automatic Updates now. Then, click Next.
20.	Windows XP will then check if you are connected to the Internet: • If you are connected to the Internet, select the choice that describes your network connection on the Will this computer connect to the Internet directly, or through a network? page. If you’re not sure, accept the default selection, and click Next. • If you use dial-up Internet access, or if Windows XP cannot connect to the Internet, you can connect to the Internet after setup is complete. On the How will this computer connect to the Internet? page, click Skip.
21.	Windows XP Setup displays the Ready to activate Windows? page. If you are connected to the Internet, click Yes, and then click Next. If you are not yet connected to the Internet, click No, click Next, and then skip to step 24. After setup is complete, Windows XP will automatically remind you to activate and register your copy of Windows XP.
22.	On the Ready to register with Microsoft? page, click Yes, and then click Next.
23.	On the Collecting Registration Information page, complete the form. Then, click Next.
24.	On the Who will use this computer? page, type the name of each person who will use the computer.

Resource Allocation Graph

How would you know if there is a deadlock base on a resource allocation graph?

• A deadlock detection method based on the use of the resource allocation graph is presented. The method is different from the existing deadlock avoidance techniques in that the original directed resource allocation graph is first transformed into an undirected (0 1)-labelled graph in which the deadlock would occur only if a cycle has been labelled alternatingly with 0s and 1s. The algorithm is applicable to the centralised and distributed systems. Another feature of the algorithm is that it can be used in distributed systems, since the detection of deadlock is carried out by an interprocess communications which is basically the exchange of 0 and 1 bits among the processes. The worst case cost of the algorithm is O(e), which is low enough to run it at the background of the operating system.

Deadlock

DEADLOCK CHARACTERIZATION

A deadlock situation can arise if the following four conditions hold simultaneously in a system:

Mutual exclusion - at least one resource must be held in a non-sharable mode; that is, only one process at a time can use the resource.If another process requests that resource, the requesting process must be delayed until the resource has been released.

Hold and wait - there must exist a process that is holding at least one resource and is waiting to acquire additional resources that are currently being held by other processes.

No preemption resources cannot be preempted; that is, the process holding it after that process has completed its task can release a resource only voluntarily by the process holding it, after that process has completed its task.

Circular wait - there must exist a set {Po,P1,�,Pn} of waiting processes such that P0 is waiting for a resource that is held by P1,P1 is waiting for a resource that is held by P2,Pn-1 is waiting for a resource that held by Pn and Pn is waiting for a resource that is held by Po.